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In The NME Office - Behind the scenes at NME -  Behind the scenes at NME

By Luke Lewis

Posted on 14/10/09 at 04:07:15 pm

Remember when you first got an iPod and your CD collection, overnight, became less a cherished possession - the soundtrack of your life - and more a slab of shelf-hogging plastic clutter? The same thing is about to happen to the MP3s on your hard-drive, and it'll happen sooner than you think.

After almost a decade of iTunes dominance, suddenly new streaming sites are pinging up everywhere. Emboldened by Spotify's success in courting major labels and the media, the new breed of start-ups are not interested in selling you music files, at least not primarily. Their goal is to charge you for access to music that you will never physically own.

Monday sees the launch of Sky Songs (£6.49 a month – which seems a more realistic price than Spotify's £9.95). Recommendation service MOG has just announced plans to launch an online jukebox in the Pandora vein, aided by millions of dollars' worth of investment from Sony BMG and Universal.

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Meanwhile, the money men behind Kazaa and Skype are plotting a "secretive" streaming service called Rdio (presumably inspired by Primal Scream's 'XTRMNTR' album - or maybe they're just dyslxc). Even Napster has come back from the dead: they recently sold up to retail giant Best Buy and now they're undercutting everyone, offering monthly subscriptions for £5. That sound you can hear is Lars Ulrich punching a brick wall.

Taken the hint yet? The industry wants you to stop downloading, and to start streaming. Why? Why are labels colluding in the final eradication of recorded music? It's simple: streaming is proven to defeat piracy. According to the most recent report, 60 per cent of illegal file-sharers go straight once they start using sites like Spotify.

Crucially, this is all taking place in the slipstream of a broader, more profound technological shift: the death of ownership and the rise of cloud computing. Admittedly, 'cloud computing' sounds like a phrase only an appalling nerd would use – the kind of whey-faced compulsive masturbator who pities you because you can't work out how to Twitpic – but it's a thuddingly simply concept.

It basically means information is increasingly housed 'out there', on a universal shared network, rather than on individual hard-drives. A limitless data stream that you access at will. And it's one further reason why streaming is the Future Of Music. The gods of technological progress have willed it so.

There's just one problem with all this, and it's a pretty major one: it's almost impossible for musicians to earn any money via streaming. How much do you think a songwriter makes when you listen to one of his songs on Spotify? As Billboard point out, it takes 150-200 plays of a track before the content owner earns royalties on a par with one paid-for MP3. It's no surprise bands would rather you downloaded their music from iTunes, or bought the CD (well, they can dream).

But if musicians are screwed, the companies themselves must be coining it in, right? Not really. Not yet, anyway. According to co-founder Daniel Ek, Spotify has "a long way to go" before it turns a profit. No surprise, given that one informed estimate puts its outgoings at over £10million per month.

Neither is Spotify alone. In March, LastFM suspended free services in some territories in a bid to keep a lid on runaway streaming costs. It's generally assumed that the colossal expense involved in streaming copyrighted material will at some point be offset by rising subscription income. It could happen. But until it does, absolutely no-one is making any money.

The bottom line? Streaming makes technological sense. But it doesn't make financial sense. Which means we're confronted, once again, with the single, glaring, ineradicable fact of the internet age: what's exciting and welcome for consumers is almost always catastrophic for the poor bastards who produce the content.

53 comments

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Me again. [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 17:12
"After almost a decade of iTunes dominance..." iTunes was launched in the UK in 2004. That's 5 years ago.
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 14 2009 at 17:15
But it launched in America in 2001.
Denis [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 17:23
This article can be boiled down to one sentence: "it takes 150-200 plays of a track before the content owner earns royalties on a par with one paid-for MP3" Consider how many more people stream than download - then consider how often a person plays a paid-for MP3. Can't be that long before this equivalent 150-200 plays are racked up.
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 14 2009 at 17:26
Maybe for a big band, but I don't see how it holds true for smaller acts. For a band like The Big Pink, say, I don't see how streams could ever outweigh downloads by such a huge factor.
Bongo [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 17:33
@Denis - plus i think with so much choice, lots of songs get streams a few times by individuals (with some exceptions as 'favourites take a pounding and rack up hundreds of streams) as opposed to mp3s being listened to over and over again once budget is wiped out
Stu [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 17:44
Isn't the problem here the record deal? What if the next The Big Pink were to cut a deal directly with the cloud people?
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 14 2009 at 17:47
Not sure that'd work. Who'd pay for the album to be recorded in the first place? The streaming sites?
Stu [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 17:50
Yeah?
An appalling nerd [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 18:05
Most musicians with any kind of savy to them are getting into recording and producing their own music these days, the technology is there and it's not expensive or difficult to use to anyone with half a brain. Records labels will need to change to survive.
Mike [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 19:39
Actually recording can be done pretty professionally at limited costs. You need a college grad with a copy of Pro tools pretty much. I hate the death of the album altogether, but ultimately that's whats gonna happen :(
Ed [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 19:42
Personally speaking, I still prefer to own a physical product, and tend to download (legally) when I haven't got the money to buy the vinyl. Then again, I realise at 32 my approach is different to that of many younger people's.
Mark [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 20:21
Artist ain't gonna make much money if any at all out of selling music - They are foing to find other ways of turning a $ - Merchandising, touring, value added content. Wake up and smell the coffee the gravy train is over...
GJ [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 20:27
i too like the physical product, artwork etc. mp3's are handy but streaming - never!
John [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 20:30
Downloads and what not seem to be the way, but I for one still buy CDs / vinyl as I want to something to show for my money. I love looking through booklets, the artwork and just holding a physical copy of an album. I don't think age of people matters too much, I'm 26 and have only ever downloaded one song before.
Rory [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 21:24
Mike/An appalling nerd - its cheap for one bloke and his guitar. For a band you still need to spend a fortune, because you need microphones (which aren't cheap), something to plug them all into and mix them with, a space with decent acoustics, and someone who knows what they are doing to control it all. The computer and software make up a tiny fraction of the recording costs. It is a total myth that "professional" recording can be done on the cheap - thats why all the amateur stuff on myspace sounds like shit.
Lewis [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 22:06
That's ridiculous. The revolution around iPods and iTunes is one of mobility. Streaming is nowhere near having the technology base for mobility that downloading does, which can be done for free. I can honestly say I don't see the point. I feel like it's just another method being hyped up so labels can make some money.
Alan [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 23:00
I download, I buy CDs, I stream. Streamed stuff on myspace, for example, is a good way to find out if you like the sound of a new artist, or something new by an artist who's changed direction. Streaming, though, is no use to me on, say, the underground. For that I need MP3s on my phone. And it's all well and good buying MP3s, but nothing beats having the CD on my shelf. There's a place for all three technologies. Don't forget, 15-20 years ago, people said that vinyl was dead. Sure, it's not exactly shifting millions of units, but it outlived cassettes -- analogue *AND* digital ("DCC", anyone?).
Laura [Visitor] //October 14 2009 at 23:16
The only problem i have with streaming is the fact that they dont own some music that you can get off illegal downloading, like oasis, beatles, some prodigy its frustrating that singles only come on when theyre released
Fonzie [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 04:39
I hate buying MP3's for the same amount that I could pay for a CD (about $9 or $10 on new releases) but I only buy the CD if I really like the artist. Amazon has pretty good $2.99 deals though. (Sorry, I'm not very big on iTunes lol)
Matt [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 08:21
I don't really care whether or not I own a physical copy of an album, but I do like to own it myself. Putting up with streaming sites means having to deal with internet outages and potential contract disputes. What if I am listening to Rhapsody or something and Band X decides to sign an exclusive deal with a competing service?
Sandwell [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 09:12
streaming is all well and good for home use, but unless you have internet on your phone you cant use it outside of the home. also i am 17 and i too love having a physical copy of a record than downloads/streaming
Jake [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 09:22
is it just me, but i dont want to have to fire up the computer, connect to the internet, search for it, then wait for it to stream whenever i want to listen to music. as well as liking having the physical version of the music, i want the immediacy of putting a cd on or just plugging my ipod into speakers.
Kev [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 10:29
Jake - it's more immediate than finding a CD if you have a smartphone or your PC/laptop is already on. On a more general note who is saying that streaming is going to replace ownership? I've not heard anyone say this. I love Spotify, but for me it won't replace owning albums entirely. Home taping didn't kill buying albums, and neither will this.
Streams [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 10:48
Surely the interesting thing here is that it would mean artists are essentially paid by quality? If a track is good, the same user who would have paid, say 99p for the download, will listen to the track a hell of a lot, therefore earning the artist more revenue. If you impulse buy an awful album and listen to it once, the artist has that money anyway - if you stream it once they see sod all return. In this instance there's less difference between The Big Pink and Oasis - if you personally like a track a lot, you personally give more money to the artist.
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 15 2009 at 10:54
That's an interesting point. Perhaps it's an incentive for artists to write more addictive songs.
Streams [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 11:50
It also means that the likes of Spotify become the main point of distribution and marketing. Ads purchased in Spotify? Targeted to people who listen to "similar" music...then a recommendation engine like Last.FM built into programs - it could allow interesting discoveries (which is why Last.FM is so good) or it could, of course, become a dull, paid-for-by-major-labels push towards the same tired artists. I'd imagine labels are looking for a good place to push targeted promotion - they are nowadays priced out of the likes of NME (especially indies) and, frankly, who reads magazines now anyway...
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 15 2009 at 12:00
I'm sure labels ARE looking for targeted promotion - but I hope that's not what music sites become. The moment LastFM recommends something based on a paid-for targeted ad is the moment people stop using LastFM, surely? By the same token, if Spotify gets clogged up by ads, people will stop using it. That's why there are currently so few.
Buzz [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 12:31
Streams - that is a good point about quality of material. I used to buy loads of music, often on a punt, and would find I'd listen to much of it once or twice and that'd be it. I can no longer afford to do that so I tend to use Napster to download stuff (or stream) and listen before I buy. If I like one or two tracks I'll pay to download permanently, if I like enough tracks I'll go out and buy the album. Maybe the days or artists releasing albums with one or two decent tracks and lots of filler are over, and on that basis maybe record labels will give their acts the time to record a good, full album with more creative control rather than insist on fast turnover and diminishing quality.
Streams [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 13:25
I'm not talking about paid-for recommendation, I mean targeted advertising, separate from the recommendations engine. Last.FM already do this, as do Spotify. With both services you can place ads by age, location and music taste - with Last.FM to the degree of actually choosing the bands people listen to. Obviously I'd be much more likely to click a targetted ad for a band that I may just like, than an ad for a car I'd never need, or a new type of hair gel.
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 15 2009 at 13:34
I think you're right, we'll be seeing much more of that. But it leaves us with the same problem - labels may see a benefit, and the streaming sites might profit by attracting advertising... but musicians themselves are screwed.
Streams [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 13:46
That's an entirely different issue to do with whether or not labels are needed in their current state. Ultimately musicians will see the benefit, however, as the advertising and recommendations engine will hopefully push up the number of plays to an artist, and therefore the increase in revenue. Recording music is cheaper nowadays - even accounting for a band needing an engineer, mastering, studio time and whatnot. Don't forget there's no "product" with this form of release - pressing a 7" costs around £1 a record (depending on how many units are pressed) - with digital you simply get the track mastered and then distributed via an independent distributor, which can cost as little as £2 a month...
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 15 2009 at 13:48
But how will anyone find your track, without a record company to fund the targeted advertising?
Streams [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 13:55
Through the recommendations engine.
Streams [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 13:57
Here's an example of the recommendations engine on Last.FM - search for a relatively obscure artist (Banjo or Freakout) and here's the list of artists it thinks you'll like, from fairly well known, to completely unknown. http://www.last.fm/music/Banjo+Or+Freakout/+similar
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 15 2009 at 14:06
I don't doubt that it aids music discovery and helps minor bands get noticed. But the point remains: the amount bands stand to make from streaming is pitiful. For the bands on that list, it'll be pennies.
Streams [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 14:18
But would it have been big money before everything went digital? No. If we break it down to bands of that level, you self-release 200 x 7" and it'll cost you at least £200 to get them off the ground. You press a track for £1 a pop and the record store buys from you for £1.15, bringing you a grand total of 15p profit per track sold (which you are likely to spend on a record plugger, PR company, etc). This is the case now, and was the case way before Spotify. The fact is, if no-one buys your CD, you earn nothing. If no-one streams your tracks, you earn nothing. But if you write a fantastic track, get "discovered" in a recommendations engine and someone falls in love with your track, you can potentially earn more money than the pitiful amount a label will give you per track sale.
Luke Lewis [Member] //October 15 2009 at 15:02
Potentially that could happen, yes. Guess it depends how optimistic you are...
Jason [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 15:10
Re: People saying streaming sites cant make it to your Mobile Device...wrong...the Spotify IPhone app lets you save the music on to your IPhone (offline playlists) - f you couple Spotify with Emusic (9.99 a month and 13.99 a month for 35 tunes) you can listen to what you want - and then buy 3 of the albums a month to own - this month bought the XX, Big Pink and Girls album from emusic - Listening on spotify (undecided or decided not to bother) Flaming Lips, Editors and Ian Brown - if I had bought those 6 on ITunes it would have been 40 quid. It is the future - listen to what you want and contribute...(the app will hit other phones soon)
Jason [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 15:11
Re: People saying streaming sites cant make it to your Mobile Device...wrong...the Spotify IPhone app lets you save the music on to your IPhone (offline playlists) - f you couple Spotify with Emusic (9.99 a month and 13.99 a month for 35 tunes) you can listen to what you want - and then buy 3 of the albums a month to own - this month bought the XX, Big Pink and Girls album from emusic - Listening on spotify (undecided or decided not to bother) Flaming Lips, Editors and Ian Brown - if I had bought those 6 on ITunes it would have been 40 quid. It is the future - listen to what you want and contribute...(the app will hit other phones soon)
Appauling Nerd #2 [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 16:40
iTunes store launched in the US in 2003. You are foolishly getting confused with the iTunes application which launched in 2001. Also, a "decade of iTunes dominance"? Please. Even now it only accounts for 25% of music purchases
macattack [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 19:41
though spotify is a good IDEA, the minute it becomes as mainstream as itunes, it will fold.
macattack [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 19:41
though spotify is a good IDEA, the minute it becomes as mainstream as itunes, it will fold.
Will [Visitor] //October 15 2009 at 20:15
Friend of mine wrote a blog about how streaming could have a detrimental effect on the environment. Lots of servers in action to power it all. Might be worth considering.
Alan [Visitor] //October 16 2009 at 11:11
Streaming *currently* is detrimental on the environment, Will. But take a look at new streaming technologies (such as Microsoft's SmoothStreaming) that don't require dedicated streaming servers, they can run off ordinary web servers (and, as such, the content can be cached by ordinary web caches). And then look at the idea currently being floated of co-locating lots of servers in Iceland (due to the fact that it's fundamenntally easier to cool a datacentre there). Iceland is going to become the new data warehousing location within the next 5 years.
Miranda [Visitor] //October 18 2009 at 11:50
So I know I'm just a naive teen.. but doesn't it make more sense for all the companies who want to make streaming services to work together??
allie [Visitor] //October 18 2009 at 17:33
how to make money: it takes 150 spotify plays to see the return of just one download. split a song over 150 tracks and hope that the ads don't brake it.
yo-ster [Visitor] //October 19 2009 at 16:37
i see a lot of you all saying, the artists get screwed in the streaming cloud world. when are they not screwed? labels have always unfairly kept the majority of revenue. that's a whole different issue. The Big Pink is not gonna see all the money unless they self release it, come on.
Davie [Visitor] //October 20 2009 at 01:07
@Miranda: I think it does make sense for them to work closer. These streaming companies are doing the same thing afterall: making music more easily available then before whilst (trying to) make money off the back of it. Will this work in terms of giving the artist substantial amounts of money? Probably not- more is needed. What 'more' is I don't know. I'm no expert. But as far as I know it is more than they'd get on a radio station, and more from illegal downloading, and with online services, they're more likely to be played because the listener is in control, not some 45 year old programme director. But I would expect more and more of these 'on-demand' services to pop up as the labels accept them more, and apart from interface design and the odd gimmick, I wouldn't expect there to be that much difference. Grooveshark, Spotify, We7, imeem yadda yadda are all slight variations of each other at the end of the day. They should focus on what they're good at and work together for the good of the consumer and musician. Last.fm using it's knowledge on my music taste and recommendations to personalise Spotify for me, as an example of 2 companies doing different (cool) stuff that could link up. Where the ads and subscriptions come into this I am lost.
Lily [Visitor] //October 20 2009 at 18:38
I'm 13 and I always try to buy physical copies. I stream, but not from subscription services like Spotify (which to me are a rip off and can't be played properly on a lower bandwidth), from YouTube and from MySpace Music when I'm looking up a new band. I stream if I can't afford/only slightly like a song, I buy otherwise. Simple.
crxyhuNwYEPwnIo [Visitor] //October 22 2009 at 17:27
Could get you a space and help with logistics,if you wanted to do a lighting seminar, sell DVD's. ,
687687676565463 [Visitor] //October 24 2009 at 16:42
one word - torrents
johnniegreece [Visitor] //October 27 2009 at 17:02
artist visits company,says i think im pretty good can u help me sell my stuff?company hlps him and gets profit.company desides to max profit and not pay the artist.artist leaves company and sells alone.
johnniegreece [Visitor] //October 27 2009 at 17:28
there can onl be progress in a capitalist market if it really is competitive,if few large companies monopolies the market there is no progress and the market can only shrink.

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